![]()
Tình tiết sự kiện:
Công ty Trung Quốc (Nguyên đơn - Bên mua) ký hợp đồng với Công ty Việt Nam (Bị đơn - Bên bán) để mua cao su. Hàng đã được chuyển sang Trung Quốc cho Bên mua nhưng Bên mua cho rằng có việc thiếu hàng. Liên quan đến người chịu trách nhiệm về thiếu hàng, Hội đồng Trọng tài xác định thuộc trách nhiệm của Bên bán.
Bài học kinh nghiệm:
Có thể xảy ra trường hợp Bên bán và Bên mua giao nhận hàng thông qua người vận chuyển nhưng sau đó hàng bị thiếu. Trong trường hợp này, ai chịu trách nhiệm về việc thiếu hàng? Trong vụ việc trên, Bên bán là Việt Nam, Bên mua là Trung Quốc và hàng được vận chuyển từ Việt Nam sang Trung Quốc qua đường biển. Chứng thư giám định kết luận tình trạng bên ngoài container bình thường và trước khi mở 02 containers, các cặp chì (seals) của 02 containers đều còn nguyên, chưa bị đứt (intack), và số các cặp chì đều phù hợp với chứng từ giao hàng nhưng, khi mở 02 containers, giám định viên và hải quan sở tại thấy hàng được xếp từ cuối containers ra đến cửa, nhưng nhìn từ sàn lên nóc containers thì chỉ có một nửa container là có hàng và hàng không được xếp đầy container. Trong trường hợp này, ai chịu trách nhiệm về việc thiếu hàng?
Theo Hội đồng Trọng tài, “việc đếm hàng, chất xếp hàng, đóng hàng vào container và niêm chì cho container do Bị đơn làm. Vì vậy, Hội đồng Trọng tài cho rằng Bị đơn phải chịu trách nhiệm về tình trạng thiếu hụt số lượng và trọng lượng hàng hóa trong các containers này khi các containers được dỡ xuống cảng đích trong điều kiện còn nguyên niêm chì”. Ngoài ra, Hội đồng Trọng tài còn xác định “khi trên B/L ghi rõ Shipper’s load, stow, count and seal” và containers được người vận chuyển giao cho người nhận hàng tại cảng đích trong điều kiện còn nguyên kẹp chì (seal intact) mà hàng trong các containers bị thiếu về số lượng thì người xếp hàng (trong trường hợp này là người bán) phải chịu trách nhiệm về sự thiếu hụt này”.
Trong vụ việc trên, có ba chủ thể liên quan đến số lượng hàng có tranh chấp là Bên bán, Bên mua và Bên vận chuyển. Tuy nhiên, không có thông tin nào cho thấy có lỗi của phía Bên vận chuyển vì tình trạng lúc nhận và tình trạng lúc giao hàng là như nhau. Do đó, phần trách nhiệm chỉ còn lại là thuộc Bên bán hay Bên mua. Ở đây, Bên bán là người đưa hàng vào containers và khi nhận containers thì hàng còn thiếu nên Hội đồng Trọng tài xác định Bên bán chịu trách nhiệm về hàng thiếu là thuyết phục. Đây là bài học hữu ích cho các doanh nghiệp tiến hành mua bán nhưng có trung gian là người vận chuyển.
*Tuyên bố bảo lưu: Bài viết được đăng tải với mục tiêu cung cấp thông tin có giá trị tham khảo đối với các Trọng tài viên, các bên tranh chấp, những người tham gia tố tụng trọng tài cũng như những người đang nghiên cứu và tìm hiểu về phương thức trọng tài thương mại và không có bất kỳ mối liên hệ hay có mục đích nhằm thể hiện ý kiến, quan điểm của Trung tâm Trọng tài Quốc tế Việt Nam (VIAC). Mọi sự dẫn chiếu, trích dẫn từ bên thứ ba bất kỳ đến một phần hoặc toàn bộ nội dung tại bài viết này đều không có giá trị và không được VIAC thừa nhận.
Arbitration, and typically commercial arbitration, is an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) which is agreed by parties of the dispute. Arbitration can be used to replace the traditional way of litigation in court.
Derive from arbitration’s dispute settlement principles, arbitration shows many pros and brings many benefits for parties in commercial dispute, specifically as follows:
A Polish appeals court vacated an International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) partial award for alleged irregularities in the arbitrator's appointment (for further details please see " ICC award set aside due to irregularities in arbitrator's appointment "). The sole arbitrator's final award was also successfully challenged and set aside. The first reason to vacate the final award was also the issue of the sole arbitrator's appointment.
It is normal to inspect the goods that have been lost or damaged during the performance of the sales contract and in the contract of carriage. However, improper inspection can lead to significant disputes and damages that you can refer to below.
The ten years of Law on Commercial Arbitration 2010 (LCA) are also the 10-year development period of VIAC - the first institutional arbitration organization in Vietnam, the organization that goes along with the formation and advancement of the legal framework of commercial arbitration in Vietnam.
Law on Commercial Arbitration (“LCA”) enacted in 2010 was considered a major step forward for the development of commercial arbitration in Vietnam. Compared with the previous years and with international standards, LCA has made remarkable progress, namely recognizing enterprises’ freedom of choice, broadening the scope of arbitration, raising the arbitral tribunal’s authority, valuing court assistance (especially interim measures enforcement), encouraging flexibility in language of arbitration, and improving party’s autonomy in arbitration while maintaining proper manners during arbitral proceedings.
Mr. Doug Jones, a leading arbitrator in the international arbitration community, revealed to me his infatuation with the beautiful beach and Vietnamese delicacies after a seminar in Da Nang. He was also inspired by the confidence, assertiveness, competence and the ambition to improve domestic arbitrators to the same level as those working in the international sphere of young arbitrators and VIAC Secretaries.
Law on Commercial Arbitration 2010 (LCA)- the procedural law governing arbitration proceedings whose seat is in Vietnam
Nowadays, as the digital economy emerges, electronic agreements on online websites are becoming more and more prevalent; hence, the legal effect of establishing terms and conditions of service when accessing the website (browse-wrap) and clicking (click-wrap) are of particular interest. The following paper analyzes some of the legal aspects of online agreement conclusion, especially the establishment of the arbitration agreement by means of browse-wrap and click-wrap.
Whether settling disputes in Court or through arbitration, when a party has the burden of proof, it must submit evidence to the arbitral tribunal. The evidence can be in many different forms: Document electronic evidence, audio recordings, video recordings, witness statement, etc. In international arbitration practice, especially in complex disputes, a type of evidence that is frequently used by the parties to defend their opinion/request is testimony/report of "expert witness".
In international commerce and investment, parties to a dispute often select arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution other than litigation in which the court, an authorized state agency, adjudicate disputes. An explanation for this phenomenon is that arbitration may be the optimal means that the parties can exercise their autonomy in writing to select one or several individuals who are not representing state agencies and state power (the so-called private parties) to resolve disputes. However, to prevent the possibility of arbitrators "privatizing" justice, [1] the New York Convention and the ICSID Convention set out the rules for annulment of arbitral award when such award violates arbitral proceeding. Here, questions arise. What rules of procedure are violated? And to what extent is the commercial and investment arbitral award annulled? This article seeks to elucidate the theory and practice of annulment for violations of procedure under the New York Convention and the ICSID Convention.
Goods can be consolidated, batched, packed, sorted, and grouped for a certain period of time before being loaded onto a trailer for carriage to the consignee. Disputes about whether the time to do these things are within the scope of insurance liability or not is an issue worth knowing (through the lawsuit with the documents of a foreign law firm) below for readers’ reference.
Mr. Vu Anh Duong is the Secretary General of the Vietnam International Arbitration Centre (“ VIAC “), which is the leading Vietnamese arbitration and mediation institution . Mr. Duong has contributed significantly to the development of arbitration in Vietnam in various ways; in addition to his role with the VIAC, Mr. Duong has served as a member of various drafting committees dealing with not only the VIAC’s Rules of Arbitration (2017) (“ VIAC Rules ”), but also Vietnam’s arbitration-related legislation. He also regularly lectures on commercial arbitration and sits as an arbitrator in both international and domestic commercial arbitrations.
Abstract: This discourse focuses on a detailed analysis of some theoretical and practical issues about the application of interim emergency measures involving third parties, in the field of domestic and international. Besides, the discourse provides measures to enhance the ability to enforce the decisions applying interim emergency measures with the third parties within the realm of international arbitration law. Subsequently, it extracts experience and recommendations pertaining to the legal framework in Vietnam regarding this matter.
During arbitral proceedings, the mediation process may cause some certain conflicts that requests the Arbitral Tribunal to seriously consider. Resolving effectively these conflicts based on fundamental legal principles and the arbitration skills of the Tribunal will ensure the rights and interests of disputing parties and third parties. This discourse focuses on analyzing potential conflicts and providing recommendations to the Tribunal to maximize the effectiveness of the mediation process and reduce conflict occurrence.
According to the Department of Judicial Support , Ministry of Justice, currently , there have been 48 arbitration institutions established in our country, with over 600 arbitrators participating in resolving thousands of commercial disputes each year 1 . An arbitration service has been developed. Along with the growth , the trait of this service became more apparent , includi ng the relevance of third-party interests. Unlike court litigation, in principle, arbitration is a private dispute resolution method , therefore, the involvement of third parties is exceptional. The discourse discusses how the arbitral tribunal considers and guarantee s the third party's interest in the arbitra l proceedings by providing some situations in which disputing parties or the arbitral tribunal may need to consider the interests of third parties. The goal of arbitr ation is to make contributions to resolving disputes fairly, thereby encourag ing parties to fulfill their obligations voluntarily in order to avoid further dispute escalation of disputes . Based on the analysis , the author suggests policy improvements pertaining to third parties that may be considered in the upcoming revision of the Law on Commercial Arbitration.
In August 2024, the International Council for Commercial Arbitration (ICCA) formally published the second edition of the ICCA’s Guide to the Interpretation of the 1958 New York Convention. The Guide is a clear, concise yet inclusive handbook, written in plain language, on the essential aspects of the scope, interpretation and application of the Convention. Though principally aimed at judges determining applications under the Convention, the Guide, which benefits from the extensive practical and academic experience of its authors (prominent arbitrators and ICCA members) will also be of interest to students, teachers and practitioners as an introduction to the Convention.
Asia Business Law Journal recently conducted research and announced the list of Vietnam's Top 100 Lawyers in 2024, which includes 19 Listed Arbitrators of Vietnam International Arbitration Center (VIAC) and Listed Mediators of Vietnam Mediation Centre (VMC) – a division of VIAC.
On 28 th October 2025, Mr. Vu Anh Duong, Permanent Vice President cum Secretary General of VIAC, shared his perspective at the Asia Civil law Summit, held as a part of events series under the Seoul ADR Festival – SAF 2025. Organized by the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board (KCAB), the event brought together a large number of experts from leading law firms, corporations, arbitration institutions, and mediation organizations across the region and around the world.
As Vietnam’s economy continues to grow rapidly and integrates into the global market, arbitration has become a common, favoured method of dispute resolution for investors, suppliers and businesses. Since the pandemic, there has been a significant rise in both domestic arbitration cases and international hearings involving parties located in Vietnam.
Building on the success of the third edition, VIAC’s Listed Arbitrator Gary B. Born has published the fourth edition of International Arbitration: Law and Practice, offering updated insights and refined perspectives on contemporary arbitration practice.
To begin the AMS 2025, on the morning of March 14, 2025, the Vietnam International Arbitration Centre (VIAC), in collaboration with the College of Economics, Law and Government, under UEH University (CELG-UEH), organized Workshop 01: “Time efficiency in arbitration under the effect of parallel proceedings” . The Workshop attracted nearly 200 participants, including arbitrators, mediators, lawyers, in-house counsels, and other legal professionals.
Continuing the first Workshop of the AMS 2025 series, on the morning of March 21, 2025, Workshop 02 “Strategies for enhancing time efficiency through the combination of Arbitration and Mediation” was held under the joint coordination of Vietnam International Arbitration Centre (VIAC) and HCMC University of Economics and Finance (UEF). The Workshop attracted the participation of over 150 delegates, including a significant number of arbitrators, mediators, lawyers, in-house counsels, and legal professionals.
In the afternoon of March 28, 2025, the Workshop 03 “Controlling time for submission of evidence in Arbitration” was held under the joint coordination of Vietnam International Arbitration Centre (VIAC) and University of Economics and Law (UEL), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City. The Workshop attracted the participation of over 100 delegates, including legal experts, arbitrators, lawyers, and lecturers, as well as students from legal training institutions, all of whom share an interest in arbitration in particular and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods in general.